為什麼零用金對企業很重要？

零用金是指在經營活動中持有的少量現金。

購買需要現金的小商品，如辦公室午餐或咖啡的食物，或停車費。大多數零售商都有現金抽屜，就像醫療保健一樣。

零用金在預付系統中起作用，在預付系統中，初始金額被存入特定用途的帳戶（在本例中為零用金）。當帳戶少於指定的數位時，系統將被補充。

在經常需要零用現金的企業，通常在前臺或零售場所用收銀機設定零用金抽屜或箱。（是的，收銀機仍在一些地方使用。）

隨著現金經濟規模越來越小，人們越來越多地使用借記卡和信用卡進行小額購物，零用金系統（使用現金抽屜）的使用也减少了。但對於任何業務，要確保所有的小額採購都是可用的，這樣你就可以把它們作為業務費用扣除。

零用金系統是如何運作的

為了建立有針對性的零用金系統，初始金額來自商業支票帳戶。

每次購買零用現金必須以與其他業務收入和支出相同的作法記錄。使用零用金日誌或零用金收據將有助於扣除這些費用，以抵消營業稅收入。

建立零用金帳戶

首先，你需要决定你每天需要多少錢。你必須給顧客找零錢並付少量現金。

把你需要的現金都放在你的現金抽屜裏，但不要放太多，這樣就不會引誘員工或強盜。要確定零用金的最高限額，請記錄一段時間內的支出，例如使用每週的平均金額。您還需要這些記錄以備稅務之用。

跟踪交易記錄

在開始的時候，每天開始的時候，記得你口袋裏或抽屜裏有多少錢。每次付款時，你都需要零用現金收據或交易清單。對於每筆交易，記錄日期、金額和目的。

盡可能具體，毫無疑問，交易與業務有關。你不需要每天跟踪變化。但每天結束時，把金額記在零用金抽屜裏。差額應與客戶支付的現金和出票人支付的零用金總額一致。

當零用金抽屜少於您確定的預設金額時，將支票寫到“零用金”，兌現支票並將其添加到抽屜中。

零用金和稅款

零用金系統最重要的部分是記錄每筆交易。記錄交易是企業為稅務目的記錄業務費用的做法。通過跟踪所有零用現金交易，無論多麼零用，您都有記錄支持小企業費用的扣除。你記錄的費用越多，扣除額越高，你的營業稅帳單就越低。

為何零用金對小企業重要？

-         管理零用金賬戶

你可能在商業和會計界聽到過這個術語，你不知道它是什麼意思。

零用現金指的是業務中手握的少量現金。

• 為顧客或病人做出改變
• 支付需要現金的小型採購，例如辦公室午餐或咖啡供應的食物，或停車費。大多數零售企業都有現金抽屜，就像醫療保健一樣。

零用金在預付款系統中起作用，在該系統中有一筆初始金額存入一個帳戶，這是為了特定目的（在這種情況下，零用現金）。當帳戶低於一定的指定數量時，系統被補充。

在經常需要零用現金的企業中，通常是在前店設立一個零用現金抽屜或盒子，或者是在一個使用現金收銀機的零售場所。（是的，有些地方仍然使用收銀機。）

由於現金經濟規模越來越小，人們越來越多地使用借記卡和信用卡進行小額購買，使用小額現金系統（使用“現金抽屜”）已經减少。但對於任何一個企業來說，確保所有的小採購都是可以的，這樣你就可以扣除它們作為商業費用。

零用金制度如何運作

為了建立一個有針對性的小額現金系統，最初的金額來自商業支票帳戶。

每次使用零用金購買都必須以與其他業務收入和支出相同的作法記錄。使用零用現金日誌或零用現金單將有助於扣除這些費用，以便用於抵消營業稅的收入。

設立零用金帳戶

首先要决定你每天需要多少錢，既要給顧客找零，又要付小額現金。

在你的現金抽屜裏放上你所需要的現金，但不要放太多，這樣對雇員或強盜來說就不會產生誘惑。為了確定零用現金的最大金額，保持一段時間內的支出記錄，例如使用每週的平均金額。為了稅收目的，你也需要這些記錄。

跟踪交易

剛開始的時候，每天開始時，記住小錢箱或抽屜裏有多少錢。當你每次付款時，你都需要零用現金單或交易清單。對於每一筆交易，記錄日期、金額以及它的用途。

盡可能具體，所以毫無疑問，交易是與業務有關的。你不需要每天跟踪變化。但在每一天結束時，記錄下零用現金抽屜中的金額。差額應當與顧客支付的現金和出票人支付的零用現金總額相符。

當零用金抽屜低於您確定的預設金額時，將支票寫到“零用金”並將該支票兌現，將其添加到抽屜中。

零用錢和稅金

零用金系統最重要的部分是每筆交易的文件。記錄交易是企業為了稅收目的而記錄商業費用的作法。通過跟踪所有零用現金交易——不管多麼零用——你有記錄來支持那些小企業開支的扣除。記錄的費用越多，扣除額越高，你的營業稅帳單越低。

Why is petty cash important for small businesses?

- Management of petty cash accounts

You may have heard the term in business and accounting, and you don't know what it means.

l Petty cash refers to a small amount of cash held in business.

l Make changes for customers or patients

Pay for small purchases that require cash, such as food for office lunch or coffee, or parking fees. Most retailers have cash drawers, just like health care.

The petty cash plays a role in the prepayment system, in which an initial amount is deposited into an account for a specific purpose (in this case, petty cash). When the account is less than a specified number, the system is replenished.

In enterprises that often need petty cash, they usually set up a petty cash drawer or box in the front store or a retail place using cash register. (Yes, cash registers are still used in some places.)

As the cash economy is becoming smaller and smaller, people are increasingly using debit and credit cards for small purchases, and the use of small cash systems (using cash drawers) has decreased. But for any business, make sure that all small purchases are available so that you can deduct them as business expenses.

How does the petty cash system work

In order to establish a targeted small cash system, the initial amount comes from a commercial checking account.

Every purchase of petty cash must be recorded in the same manner as other business income and expenditure. The use of petty cash logs or petty cash receipts will help to deduct these expenses for the purpose of offsetting business tax revenue.

Establishment of petty cash account

First, you need to decide how much money you need every day. You have to give the customer change and pay a small amount of cash.

Put all the cash you need in your cash drawer, but don't put too much, so it won't tempt employees or robbers. To determine the maximum amount of petty cash, keep a record of expenditure for a period of time, such as using the average amount per week. You also need these records for tax purposes.

Tracking transactions

At the beginning, at the beginning of each day, remember how much money you have in your pocket box or drawer. Every time you pay, you need petty cash receipts or transaction lists. For each transaction, record the date, amount and purpose.

As specific as possible, there is no doubt that transactions are business-related. You don't need to track changes every day. But at the end of each day, record the amount in the petty cash drawer. The difference shall be consistent with the cash paid by the customer and the total petty cash paid by the drawer.

When the petty cash drawer is less than the preset amount you determine, write the check to "petty cash" and cash the check and add it to the drawer.

Allowances and taxes

The most important part of the petty cash system is the documentation of each transaction. Recording transactions is an enterprise's practice of recording business expenses for tax purposes. By tracking all petty cash transactions, no matter how petty, you have records to support the deductions for small business expenses. The more fees you record, the higher the deduction, the lower your business tax bill.

小企業要簡化財務管理

作為小企業主，你主要的工作會投入在產品研製與客戶開發，而這些工作，多半你還有員工可以為你分勞。而有些事，卻是非要你自己才能管理的，例如財務管理。你的公司還小，你不會奢侈的能夠擁有財務長，最多就是一名會計員或是僅僅是名記賬的出納，你必須自己關注到公司要緊的財務管理上。

然而，在百忙當中，你究竟要如何做好財務管理工作？首先，要緊的是知道有哪些財務管理概念，你非注意不可。因此，你必須簡化小企業的重要財務工作，并養成習慣去關注它，定期去檢查你幾項最基本的財務數字。

1. 銀行存款。雖然你會保有一些零佣金應付公司日常的辦公費用，例如交通費、餐費等，但是公司的主要收支項目，都會透過銀行賬號。你會請客戶將付款打入你公司的銀行賬號，也透過這個賬號支付工資、辦公室租金、採購設備，等等。所以，你必須知道銀行里有多少錢。你可以向銀行申請一個網絡賬號，隨時可以用你的電腦或手機了解銀行存款餘額，以及相關交易往來。必要時，你可以請銀行每月固定給你一張Bank Account Statement, 有的時候，當你需要向其他銀行貸款時，必須出示證明，你有還款的能力。
2. 了解損益狀況。你每日的忙碌結果，必須能夠反應在公司的營業損益上。雖然不容易維持每個月都能夠產生盈利，有的時候甚至會連續幾個月都處在虧損狀態，但是你要知道你的底線，你還有多少現金可以支撐。若是幸運的，你能夠逐漸擴大盈利，那麼你可以檢討是否可以適度增加投資，例如多聘僱員工，或是多採購生財設備。

怎麼做？

1. 使用線上會計軟體。你可以找到一些免費的線上應用軟體。你可以將你的銀行賬號交易數字複製拖到你的軟體中，然後開創財務報告，和容易了解你的財務損益。設法去找到具有手機版本的會計軟體，會更節省你的時間。
2. 使用日曆提醒。在你的Google Calendar中設定你各項款項的付款日期，並且提前提醒你，讓你檢查現金餘額、做好準備。你也客製化一份你公司的財務活動提醒表，用你喜歡的顏色色塊，讓你可以分別不同的財務活動。如果可以，將你的財務軟體和你的財務管理日曆建立連接，當接近損益危險時，自動發出警示信號給你。如此，你不會錯過重要的公司財務活動，並且逐漸養成習慣，讓你有財務管理意識。
3. 弄清楚你的日常花銷哪裡去了？去找到一個APP可以記錄你在辦公室外的各項花費，包含業務公關餐費、交通費、電話費、小額的臨時採購等。將發票或收據，用手機拍攝下來，放到你的Evernote筆記工具軟體上，附記花費的目的、共同用餐的人名等資料。若是你只是隨手將發票收據放進衣服口袋，時間久了，你就容易忘掉。
4. 做好自動定期付款。你可以和銀行約定好，對於一些定期必須付款的款項，例如工資發放、房租，時間到了，銀行就可以進行轉賬付款。對於可以定期付款的項目，盡量安排好，如此，可以節省你的時間。如此，不會讓你產生意外的滯納金罰款損失。
5. 安排每月一次的財務檢討時間。在你每月收到財務報告、銀行對賬單的時候，做約1小時左右的財務檢討。尤其要注意當月的交易往來（收款、付款、下月應收賬款、應付賬款），以及檢查你當月現金餘額和預估下月現金餘額。

底線：當你將可以追蹤財務記錄的系統工具建立起來，將每月的財務檢討習慣做好，你會發現每個月要用來檢討財務的時間，是很少的。你也可以避免面臨不預期的意外危機。

Small Enterprises Should Simplify Financial Management

As a small business owner, your main job will be product development and customer development, and most of these jobs, you still have employees to share your work. But some things, such as financial management, have to be managed by yourself. Your company is small. You don't have the luxury of owning a chief financial officer, at most an accountant or just a cashier who keeps accounts. You have to pay attention to the company's critical financial management.

However, in your busy schedule, how do you do a good job in financial management? First of all, it's important to know what financial management concepts you have to pay attention to. Therefore, you have to simplify the important financial work of small businesses, and develop the habit of paying attention to it, and check your basic financial figures regularly.

1. Bank deposits. Although you will have some zero commission to cover the company's daily office expenses, such as transportation, meals, etc., but the company's main revenue and expenditure items, will be through the bank account. You will ask the customer to enter the payment into your company's bank account, through which you will also pay salaries, office rent, purchase equipment, and so on. So you have to know how much money there is in the bank. You can apply for an online account with the bank. You can always use your computer or mobile phone to know the balance of bank deposits and related transactions. If necessary, you can ask the bank to give you a fixed bank account Statement every month. Sometimes, when you need to borrow from other banks, you must show proof that you have the ability to repay.
2. Understand the profit and loss situation. The results of your daily busyness must be reflected in the company's business profits and losses. Although it's not easy to maintain monthly profitability, and sometimes even a few consecutive months of loss, you need to know how much cash you have to support your bottom line. If fortunately, you can gradually expand your profits, then you can review whether you can increase investment moderately, such as hiring more employees or purchasing more financial equipment.

How to do it?

1. Use online accounting software. You can find some free online applications. You can drag copies of your bank account transactions into your software, then create financial reports, and easily understand your financial gains and losses. Finding an accounting software with a mobile version will save you more time.
2. Use calendar reminders. Set a payment date for each item in your Google Calendar and remind you in advance to check your cash balance and be ready. You can also customize a reminder of your company's financial activities, using your favorite color blocks, so that you can separate different financial activities. If you can, connect your financial software to your financial management calendar and automatically send you a warning signal when you are close to the risk of profit and loss. In this way, you will not miss important corporate financial activities, and gradually develop habits, so that you have financial management awareness.
3. Find out where your daily expenses go? Find an APP that keeps track of your expenses outside the office, including business PR meals, transportation, phone calls, small temporary purchases, etc. Film the invoice or receipt with your mobile phone and put it on your Evernote notebook software. Note the purpose of the expense and the name of the person who shared the meal. If you just put the invoice receipt in your pocket, it will be easy to forget it over time.
4. Do a good job of automatic regular payment. You can make an agreement with the bank that when the time comes, the bank can make a transfer payment for some regular payments, such as salary payment and rent. For items that can be paid regularly, try to arrange them so that you can save your time. In this way, you will not have an unexpected late fee penalty loss.
5. Arrange monthly financial review time. When you receive monthly financial reports and bank statements, do a financial review for about an hour. In particular, pay attention to the current month's transactions (receipts, payments, receivables and accounts payable for next month), as well as check your current month's cash balance and estimate your next month's cash balance.

Bottom line: When you set up a system tool that can track financial records and do a good job of monthly financial review habits, you will find that there is very little time for monthly financial review. You can also avoid unexpected unexpected crises.